This study aimed to examine psychological help-seeking attitudes among individuals who had experienced sports injuries within the framework of psychological risk factors and protective psychological resources. A total of 409 participants with a history of sports injury were included in the study. Data were collected using measures of attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, athlete burnout, psychological recovery in sport, mental health continuity, coping strategies, and injury anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted. The findings showed that injury anxiety, coping strategies, psychological recovery, and mental health continuity positively predicted psychological help-seeking attitudes, whereas athlete burnout negatively predicted these attitudes. The mediation analysis further revealed that athlete burnout played a suppressing mediating role in the relationship between injury anxiety and psychological help-seeking attitudes. Specifically, injury anxiety directly increased psychological help-seeking attitudes but indirectly weakened them through athlete burnout. Overall, the results suggest that psychological help-seeking after sports injury is not shaped solely by psychological distress, but by a multidimensional process involving psychological resources and burnout.